Selenium and Web Driver Interview Questions and Answers
Q. What is Selenium?
A. Selenium is a suite of tools for browser automation (i.e. automated Web testing). It is composed of
- Selenium IDE: A tool for recording and playing back. This is a Fire-fox plugin.
- WebDriver and RC provide the APIs for a variety of languages like Java, .NET, PHP, etc. A Java example is shown below. The WebDriver and RC work with most browsers.
- Grid transparently distribute your tests on multiple machines so that you can run your tests in parallel, cutting down the time required for running in-browser test suites.
Q. How would you go about using selenium for your web testing?
A. The example below shows the steps involved in testing a simple login page with selenium + Web Driver. The pages have HTML snippets as shown below
Login page:
... <form method="POST" action="some/url"> <input type="text" name="username"/> <input type="text" name="password" /> </form> ...
Login response page
... <table> <tr> <td>John</td>< /tr> </table> ...
STEP 1: Configure your Maven to include the required jar file selenium-java-x.x.x.jar.
<properties> <junit.version>4.4</junit.version> <selenium.version>2.7.0</selenium.version> <slf4j.version>1.5.2</slf4j.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>${selenium.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
The selenium-java-x.x.x.jar will transitively bring in the other relevant driver jars for different browsers.
STEP 2: It is a best practice to have separate page objects as these page objects can be shared by multiple JUnit test cases. If a particular page element changes, you will have to change it only in one place, which is page object, and not in all JUnit test cases where a paricular element is used. The JUnit test cases will depend on the page objects and should not refer to the page elements directly.
package myapp.systemtest; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; public class SystemTestPage { protected WebDriver driver; protected SystemTestPage(WebDriver driver) { this.driver = driver; } }
You can have your page objects extend the above generic SystemTestPage class.
package com.systemtest.page; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.support.CacheLookup; import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy; import myapp.systemtest.SystemTestPage; public class LoginPage extends SystemTestPage { @FindBy(name = "username") @CacheLookup private WebElement userNameInput; @FindBy(name = "password") @CacheLookup private WebElement passwordInput; @FindBy(xpath ="//input[@type=\"submit\"]") @CacheLookup private WebElement submitButton; public LoginPage(WebDriver driver){ super(driver); } public void login(String userName, String password) { userNameInput.sendKeys(userName); userNameInput.sendKeys(password); submitButton.submit(); } public String getUserName(String userName) { WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//td[text()=" + userName + "]")); return element.getText(); } }
STEP 3: Write the JUnit class using the page objects defined above and assert the results. These JUnit test cases can be run to test your web pages.
package com.unittests; import junit.framework.Assert; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import com.systemtest.page.LoginPage; public class LoginTest { private static final String BASE_URL = "http://localhost:7001/login/login.htm"; private static final String USER_NAME = "John"; private static final String PASSWORD = "aa44" private WebDriver driver; private WebDriverWait wait; private LoginPage loginPage; // the page object @Before public void setUp() { driver = new FirefoxDriver(); wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 5); driver.get(BASE_URL); loginPage = PageFactory.initElements(driver, LoginPage.class); } @Test public void testLogin() throws Exception { loginPage.login(USER_NAME, PASSWORD); Assert.assertEquals(MAC, loginPage.getUserName(USER_NAME)); } @After public void tearDown() { driver.quit(); } }
Q. What are selenium locators? What tools do you use to locate them?
A. Selenium Locators are the way of finding the HTML element on the page to perform a Selenium action on. The example above has a line asshown below to extract the username element from the Login response page. This uses an XPath expression to locate the element.
public String getUserName(String userName) { WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//td[text()=" + userName + "]")); return element.getText(); }
The XPath expression will be something like //td[[text()=John] which looks for a td element with text value "John".
The annotation in the above example is also a locator by name as shown below
@FindBy(name = "username") @CacheLookup private WebElement userNameInput;
This will match the HTML snippet
<input type="text" name="username">
You could also find by tagName, id, css, etc.
There are handy tools to identify the HTML elements or locators.
- Selenium IDE, which is a Firefox plugin useful in identifying the locators, debugging, etc.
- The Fire-bug plugin, which allows you to inspect the elements by right clicking on the page and then selecting "Inspect Element". Google chrome provides a similar functionality to inspect element out of the box.
Q. In your experience, what are some of the challenges with Selenium?
A. In general, badly written test cases whether junit tests or web tests, the biggest complaint is about writing test cases that are not maintainable. Unmaintainable automated test cases can take more time than manual tests. So, it is important to write quality test cases by clearly separting the page objects from the test cases as demonstrated in the Q&A above. The use of the locators need to be carefully thought through. For example, some frameworks like JSF dynamically generate HTML element IDs. So, if IDs are used in your tests, then the test cases may fail if the IDs have changed. The solution to this problem is to use XPath to find the relevant HTML elements. The ClickAndWait action will not work for AJAX calls, and use "waitForElement" instead.
Labels: Testing
20 Comments:
Thanks for the very clear question and answers, very helpful
Raj
Glad that you found it useful.
Very useful
Many thanks!
Very precise and informative.
Thanks a lot
Very Nice.
This is really a great blog, might you be involved in doing an interview about how you created it? If so e-mail me!
This questions and answers are very useful for us Thanks for providing these....
Given date is clear but need little more information regarding selenium RC with functions, frame work and web driver too.
If you can explain your frame work it will be more helpful
Very clear. How would the page objects be used with a properties file that would contain the user name and password?
Good .. keep posting some more questions
good
Can anyone help me to write a framework to test : Searching for a particular string by iterating thorugh result page.Once found 'CLICK' on the link and verify the resulting page .
For this a framework has to be set in SELEINIUM either by PHP scripts or JAVA.One should PAGE OBJECTS MODEL, USE DIFFERNT LEVELS OF ABSTRACTION, to represnt actions, locators, data and TEST.
Kindly help me ASAP.
Regards
thank you So much..i am sure this wil be really helpful
It is very helpful. Thank you.
Isn't it passwordInput.sendKeys(password); at line number 32 of LoginPage class?
for more selenium interview questions ans answers.
please visit-http://www.studyselenium.com/2013/12/100-selenium-interview-questions.html
For more Selenium interview questions please visit http://seleniumrocking.com/interview-questions
Hi friends for more selenium interview questions/programs please go through this blog
http://selenium4freshers.blogspot.in/
thanku for informing ruchi goyal .it is very usefull for us
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Though these are useful, they are not enough to crack an automation testing interview, they ask questions for few scenarios, like ... how will u sort in a table, how will you write a forloop for a particular scenario, annotations, methods,these days interviews are based on concepts and coding.
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